Sorry to read your car getting broken into. I know that feeling as it happened to me many years ago.
To answer your question can Wi-Fi signals be “jammed” per FCC code in the USA, its not permitted and its against the law. But we know the bad guys dont fallow the law and wont do it. The worse part is that the equipment to do it with isn’t expensive either. (If you know what to buy.) The only true way to “fight back” is to install wired cameras. Of course we wouldnt have made the investment in the Ring cameras if hard wiring was as simple as running a cable from point A to B. Unfortunately thats hardly ever the case.